Estudo do impacto causado a fauna silvestre por rodovias brasileiras que fragmentam áreas florestais

Abstract

Roads are the oldest form that man uses to connect from one village to another, one city to another, states and countries through which are interconnected. With the increase of the population and the industrial advance, it was necessary the implantation of better conditions for locomotion and transport of loads. Even if necessary for a country's infrastructure and economy, the highway causes environmental impacts that often become unrecoverable. Several studies are carried out to construct highways, monitoring studies are carried out, in some cases management plans are elaborated for the preservation of the species of the fauna and flora. However, while taking great care in the implementation of highways, the impacts remain after the termination. Many wild animals lose their lives on the Brazilian highways, because they are highways constructed by fragmenting forest areas that are habitats of many species. Several works developed in highway monitoring seek to understand and relate the trampling of fauna with the habitat that covers the study area. Of the several factors, the trampling of wild animals on highways that cut conservation areas can be understood due to the crossing of the fauna that often go in search of better resources. The present study had as objective to present the impacts caused to wild fauna by Brazilian highways that fragment forest areas. The data were obtained from scientific bibliographies that expose the negative effect of roads that fragment spaces such as conservation units that house several species of wild animals, among them many threatened with extinction. Currently, roads that fragment forest areas and conservation units are already informed with signs indicating the possible crossing of animals on the road, but it is still necessary to look more critically at the bodies responsible for the highways and the bodies responsible for forest areas to ease accidents involving wild animals. In Brazil, measures to prevent the trampling of wildlife are insufficient, and there is no public agency or project with the purpose of preventing the trampling of wild animals on highways.