Modelagem matemática e raciocínio proporcional na educação infantil

Abstract

This research aimed to investigate how the development of proportional reasoning occurs in activities of mathematical modeling developed by students of Early Childhood Education? For that, five mathematical modeling activities were developed, among which three were analyzed. These activities were developed in a class of Maternal III, with students of 3 and 4 years old, from a Municipal Center for Early Childhood Education, public, located in a city in the Center-Western region of Paraná. We consider Mathematical Modeling as a pedagogical alternative that allows us to approach mathematically situations that are not essentially mathematical. In this context, more than an answer to the problem, it seeks to encourage students to develop and explore mathematical ideas that can be used to understand real-world situations. For data collection, we used a camcorder, some audio recorders and two cell phones, in order to record students' speeches and gestures, as well as a field diary of the researcher teacher, where she wrote down her impressions and events that most caught his attention, and the written records produced by the students. For the analysis of the activities we are guided by a qualitative approach to the data, seeking understandings about the research question. The results signaled that Early Childhood Education students are able to solve problems and build mathematical models according to their experiences, based on their interactions with other children and adults, and that, in mathematical modeling activities, they expressed ideas and ways of think that they indicate the mobilization or development of proportional reasoning, such as quantities and covariation, sharing and comparison, unitization, 5 sources of meaning for a / b, measurement and relative reasoning.