Avaliação da qualidade ambiental de nascente no perímetro urbano de Francisco Beltrão – Paraná

Abstract

The unplanned growth of urban centers generates numerous impacts on the environment, with the possibility of highlighting the degradation of water bodies and water sources. Given that water is a natural resource essential to life and that only 0.3% of all water contained in the globe is available for human consumption, being of fundamental importance its preservation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the environmental quality of a water source in the urban perimeter of the municipality of Francisco Beltrão - Paraná, from the physical-chemical, microbiological characterization and water toxicity tests, in addition to classifying it in terms of its degree of preservation through macroscopic analysis. The following parameters were analyzed: pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total phosphorus, total coliforms, thermotolerant coliforms e Escherichia coli. To verify the acute toxicity, the microcrustacean Artemia salina L. as a bioindicator organism and the statistical analysis was done by the Tukey Test with a level of 5% of significance. Analyzing the results obtained from the macroscopic analysis the source was in a poor state of preservation falling into the class E. The physicochemical analyzes showed high COD and BOD load and low dissolved oxygen concentrations. From the microbiological analyzes it was possible to identify the source contamination by thermotolerant coliforms, total and Escherichia coli. In the acute toxicity tests with Artemia salina L., the water in question was toxic with characteristics that are far from those necessary for its survival. However, we can relate this state of degradation to anthropogenic actions such as unplanned urbanization, without proper collection and treatment of domestic sewage, waterproofing of the soil and infrastructure works enhancing the degradation of the environment.