Fauna edáfica bioindicadora em áreas sob tecnologias de restauração florestal no sudoeste do Paraná

Abstract

The community of tropical edaphic fauna is diverse, but with scarce taxonomic information on restoration projects. These organisms are indicative of environmental quality, and their monitoring is essential for an ecosystem analysis. The objective of this work was to evaluate the role of soil fauna as a bioindicator of environmental quality in areas under different forest restoration technologies. The work was conducted at the experimental station of the Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Dois Vizinhos, Paraná. The treatments evaluated were: Passive Restoration (RP, natural regeneration); Nucleation (NC, set of techniques covering 1/3 of the area); And High Diversity Planting (PAD, planting of trees in total area). Adjacent to the experiment, the secondary forest in the middle stage of regeneration (FL) served as a reference area. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with four replications and three sub - samples per plot. Coleoptera families were collected through Pitfall traps (04/2011) and the mesofauna and Collembola were extracted in Berlese-Tüllgren funnels (12/2015). A total of 866 beetles were sampled in 16 families, with herbivores being most abundant in restoration treatments and non - herbivores in the forest. RP and FL were the most diverse treatments. In the Analysis of Similarity (ANOSIM), there were differences between the restoration technologies and the FL and, between RP and PAD, being this information corroborated by the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). For the mesofauna, 15,367 individuals were collected and the richness and abundance of organisms was higher in FL and RP presented the most uniform community. ANOSIM only did not differentiate the interaction between RP and PAD, the other evaluated treatments present a differentiated edaphic community among them. The groups Hemiptera, Haplotaxida, Trichoptera, Acariformes, Diplopoda and Pseudoscorpiones were the main responsible for the differentiation of the technologies through the similarity percentage analysis (SIMPER). In the ACP, the forest separated from the technologies, being associated with the Acariformes, Diplopoda, Diplura, Hemiptera and Pseudoscorpiones. 2,429 Collembola were sampled in 35 morphotypes, with the upper average richness in FL and the superior abundance in FL and PAD. The diversity index of Shannon found followed a gradient of anthropic intervention (FL> RP> NC> PAD). ANOSIM found dissimilarities between the three restoration technologies and the forest, which separated from the others in the ACP. The edaphic fauna was an efficient indicator of the environmental quality, differentiating the technologies in the initial process of forest restoration and already showing some peculiarities among the technologies themselves. In order to realize its role bioindicators, the monitoring should be carried out in the long term, identifying the key groups in areas in areas in the process of forest restoration.