Atributos químicos, físicos e biológicos do solo na implantação do sistema plantio direto de hortaliças em duas localidades no sudoeste paranaense

Abstract

The no-till vegetable system (SPDH) is an alternative soil and water management tothe conventional system, in which planting is done on the cultural remains of theprevious crop or on ground cover plants, with localized soil tillage, restricted to rowsor planting holes. Among the benefits of the SPDH, we highlight the increase in soilorganic matter content, reduction in the need for agrochemicals application,protection of the soil against erosion, reduction in the incidence of invasive plantsand the consumption of water, and the nutrient input from cover crops. The presentwork had as objective to evaluate the effect of the implantation of the no-till vegetablesystem on the chemical, physical and biological attributes of the soil in the Southwestregion of Paraná. Regarding this purpose, two SPDH implantation experiments wereconducted, one placed in Coronel Vivida and the other in Pato Branco, both in theParaná state. In Coronel Vivida, six winter cover intercropping plus planting withoutsoil cover were tested in the direct planting of broccoli and cauliflower in successionto green corn. During the experiment in Pato Branco, a treatment with single blackoat, four units of winter cover crops, called MIX, and a control without soil cover andwith soil management, simulating the conventional vegetable planting system, weretested. In the experiment in Pato Branco, in which the broccoli production wasevaluated as a function of soil cover in SPDH, for the stem diameter, head diameterand fresh matter head variables, a difference was observed only for cultivated plantsin the controlled checked plots (planting with conventional soil management). In theevaluation of chemical attributes, the cover crops usage and the deposition of theirnon-SPDH residues provided an increase in the organic matter content in the secondyear of cultivation in the Pato Branco experiment. Greater soil porosity was observedin Pato Branco, when compared to time zero (the moment before the implementationof the experiment). Also, in the Pato Branco experiment, the biological activity in plotscultivated with cover crops prior to broccoli cultivation was higher when comparedwith the control. In Coronel Vivida no differences were observed for the chemical,physical and biological attributes of the soil with the SPDH implementation.