Avaliação do desempenho de filtros anaeróbios preenchidos com diferentes meios suportes no tratamento de água residuária sintética

Abstract

The characteristics of material directly affect the reactor efficiency, because the number and the types of cells what adhere in each material support can be totally different from material to another. From the development of the first anaerobic filters an important point identified by the scientific community was the search for materials that support better fitted, i.e. biomass immobilized inert, providing good results, operating ease and economically viable. An alternative is to use alternative materials for filling of filters, with sturdy structure, biologically and chemically inert, lightness, bigger specific area and high porosity, with possibility of rapid colonization of microorganisms and reduced costs. In this thesis it was evaluated the stability and the hydrodynamic behavior of three upflow anaerobic filter, operated in continuous mode, filled with different material support from immobilization to biomass being active carbon, clay ceramic and tire rubber in the synthetic wastewater treatment on based glucose as carbon source. The filter, in bench scale (1,3 L), was operated HRT to 8 hours and 4 hours in two steps Kept at ambient temperature. The physicochemical characterization of the materials was carried out with determination of parameters pH, bulk density apparent, density, moisture content, volatile material, ash content, iodine number, porosity, particle size, morphology analysis, surface area, volume and size pores. The behavior of the filters was evaluated by determining the parameters pH, liquid temperature, total and bicarbonate alkalinity, volatile acids and COD in samples of influent and effluent. Further, tests were performed stimulus-response type pulse with eosin Y, to evaluate the hydrodynamic regime of the reactor.The values obtained in terms of COD in samples of influent and effluent filters with activated carbon were: - Stage I: 457 and 38 mg.L-1 (94% of removal); - Stage II: 291 and 79 mg.L-1 (79% of removal), with clay ceramic were: - Stage I: 457 e 81 mg.L-1 (81% of removal); - Stage II: 291 and 129 mg.L-1 (60% of removal) and tire rubber were: - Stage I: 457 and 58 mg.L-1 (88% of removal); - Stage II: 291 and 117 mg.L-1 (63% of removal). The Kruskal-Wallis Statistical test and the Dun post-test confirmed the experimental data and proved from most part of parameters there is difference on values between the filters and between the two steps. Being the differences obtained between the filters due to distinct characteristics of each material, and the differences between the steps happened by hydraulic charging increased, because the ascending speed increased reduce the retention cellular therefore the degree of stability. However, material support allow the filters more stability and good degradation efficiencies.