Desempenho agronômico de cultivares modernas de soja no município de Candói - PR

Abstract

Soybean has been one of the most studied and genetically improved crops, reaching increasingly high yields and high technological development. Every year, new cultivars are being made available on the market, each one with its particular characteristics, resulting in a wide availability of genotypes. With the development of some modern cultivars, there is still a precariousness in the information on how the performance of some of these cultivars would be, and the behavior of their agronomic characters and adaptability are unknown in the region of implantation. The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic performance and physiological quality of seeds of 18 modern soybean cultivars, in the municipality of Candói - PR, edaphoclimatic region 103. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design, with three replications, with the experimental units composed by 4 lines of 5 meters, with spacing between lines of 0.45 cm. The characters were evaluated: days from emergence to flowering (DEF), days from flowering to physiological maturity (DFM), total cycle (CT), final plant height (AP), height of insertion of the first pod (AIPV), yield of grains (REND), thousand seed weight (PMS), germination (GER), seedling shoot length (CPA), seedling root length (CPR), shoot green mass (MVA), root green mass (MVR) ), seedling shoot dry mass (MSA) and seedling root green mass (MSR). There was a significant difference by the Scott-Knott test (p>0.05) for all the characters evaluated, and different cultivars stood out in each of the variables analyzed. The highest grain yields were obtained for the cultivars NS 5933 IPRO, M 6110 I2X, Soytech 621 I2X, Neo 580 IPRO, BMX Lótus IPRO and Soytech 580 I2X, ranging from 3070.57 to 2555.97 kg ha-1. In general, most of the evaluated genotypes had good performance in the implantation region, presenting satisfactory values for the evaluated attributes, and therefore, having good adaptability in the region. Regarding seed quality, different cultivars were in the top group for the attributes related to seed vigor, and it was not possible to determine a cultivar that excels in all these attributes. With the results obtained, it was possible to perform a better description of the agronomic characters of each one of the cultivars, providing more accurate information about their adaptive and reproductive characteristics and physiological seed quality.