Ocupando latifúndios da comunicação: o contradiscurso do MST à mídia hegemônica

Abstract

This research aims at analyzing and understanding how the Landless Rural Workers Movement (MST), mobilizing new information technologies, frames a counterdiscourse to the hegemonic media's discourse on the Movement itself, its struggles and ways of acting. Through the Dialogical Analysis of the Discourse, MST statements are studied in their profiles in the following social networks of interactive communication: twitter, facebook and youtube. Interdisciplinary - when approaching the relationship between language and technology -, this research involves theoretical reference in at least three areas of knowledge: Language Studies, Social Communication and New informational/ communicational Technologies. In Language Studies, the theoretical anchorage is in the studies of Bakhtin’s Circle. In addition to works by members of the "Circle" - Bakhtin (2016 [1952-1953], 2015 [1929], 2014 [1924-1970], 2003 [1979] and 1993 [1965]; Bakhtin / Volochínov (2006 [1929]) , and Abramo (2014), in the field of Social Communication, are Abramo (2014), and Volochínov (2013 [1920-1930] - also commentators (such as Faraco, 2009, Amorim, 2006 and 2006 and Brait, 2006) (2008 and 2002), Castells (2007), Intervozes (2015 and 2011), Kellner (2001) and Lima (2006 and 2004). In turn, in New Informational/Communicational Technology, we sought references mainly in Lemos (2008 and 2002), Castells (2013, 2005 [2000] and 2003), Canclini (2007) and Martín-Barbero (2013, 2005 and 2004). As the fundamental methodology, we chose the qualitative interpretivist research, through a case study. In order to obtain a better understanding of the case to be studied, this research also provided three additional methodological resources: a dialogical interview (two meetings were held - with representatives from the MST Communication Sector and a couple of camped from the Movement) , onsite observation (of work in the Communication Sector) and official texts (available in the Communication channels of the Movement on the Internet) about the struggle flags and strategies of the MST. For the generation of data, three enunciative chains were identified, that is, sets of statements related to three facts or themes motivating the enunciation of the Movement. These enunciative chains are: i) one consisting of statements produced from a triggering event (in this case, the invasion of the Florestan Fernandes National School in November 2016 by police officers); ii) another one formed by enunciations in which the MST thematizes, in an explicit and critical way, the performance of the hegemonic business media; iii) and a third one consisting of enunciations in which the MST discourses on social life (speaking of itself, its struggles, its modus operandi, and in that saying it opposes the hegemonic media.) From these enunciative chains, a total of 218 posts were cut It was observed that the MST uses the new informational / communicational technologies to construct narratives and discursive of opposition to that of the hegemonic media, and that, among the regularities observed in the analysis, the framing of speeches of others, for the construction of his own, dialogical relations with interlocutors in the same ideological political field, the occurrence of the slogan, that is, expressions that the MST adopts that circulate and are assumed by interlocutors of the social audience of the discursive arena of which the Movement is participant, and the vocabulary of the public square migrated to cyberspace. It was found that, yes, the MST uses the new informational / communicational technologies to construct narratives and discourses of opposition to that of the hegemonic media. And that, among the regularities observed in the analysis, the framing of other people's discourses, for the construction of the own one, stand out; dialogical relations with interlocutors in the same ideological political field; the occurrence of the word slogan, that is, expressions that the MST adopts that start circulating and are assumed by interlocutors of the social audience of the discursive arena of which the Movement is a participant; and the vocabulary of the public square migrated into cyberspace.