O direito a ter direitos: caminhos percorridos pelas transmasculinidades para acesso às tecnologias de gênero

Abstract

The aim of this dissertation was to shed light on the perceptions of trans and transmasculine men, related to access and specialized monitoring for the care of the specificities of the Transsexualization Process (PrTr) instituted by the SUS – Brazilian Public Health System. It was put into question, how the provision of services occurs to those who decide for the body transition, through the PrTr. Considering the precariousness of access to health care for the LGBTQIA+ population, especially the transmasculine population before the access to PrTr in face of the incidence of complaints and embarrassment due to prejudice and/or unpreparedness of health agents, these issues were also addressed. We analyze, from the point of view of the interlocutors of this research, the contradictions of this dynamic, since in its formulation the SUS is guided by guidelines of universality, integrality and equity, however, it can be a generating source of aggravations to physical and mental health and violation of rights. Therefore, we problematize the prevalence of discursive practices that lead social structures to reproduce exclusions to a living that differs from gender normative. For the empirical corpus, we counted on 70 interlocutors from 17 Brazilian states whose participation occurred through the completion of an online questionnaire with open and closed questions. Throughout the dissertation, we gave thought to the perceptions and affections in the constructions and social representations of gender of trans or transmasculine men, to those who decide to access PrTr for body transition, regarding the (in)sufficiency of incentives for scientific and technological innovations, as well as, the supply of inputs by the SUS. As a method for data interpretation and analysis, we mirrored the foundations for critical discourse analysis in connection with the theoretical framework, prioritizing epistemologies of LGBTQIA+ authors who inspired the search for counter-hegemonic discursive practices to the silences that tend to delegitimize the living and subjectivities of trans and transmasculine men in the constructions of the self, since discursive and cultural changes promote shifts and fissures for social transformations in the reception and equity in health and other spheres of life in society. This thesis, therefore, highlights and claims the urgency of the expansion of access to gender technologies through the PrTr/SUS to guarantee the right to have rights, as well as, to mitigate the violations that are found in the absence of the State/SUS that enhances the fragilities, including existential, as we observed in the representations of most of the interlocutors. We emphasize that the gender identities of trans people are not subordinated to the validation of biotechnological processes, and we defend the primacy of self-representations and subjective constructions of gender identities. However, as identities are established in social relations, the use of gender technologies, whose mechanisms trigger techniques, procedures, practices and discourses to the production of subjects, are aligned with the reflections about the production of corporeality and constructions of the self, and can contribute to the elimination of violations, atrocities and other criminal practices that plague and surround the experiences of transmasculine people.