Desenvolvimento de inventário de emissões atmosféricas para quatro setores industriais do Brasil com abordagem bottom-up

Abstract

Atmospheric emissions inventories are helpful for decision-making between environmental managers and productive sectors because their development brings closer the understanding of the origin of emissions, their contribution to air pollution, and their relationship with adverse effects on health, climate and atmospheric chemistry. This project develops the atmospheric emissions inventory for four industrial sectors in Brazil with a Bottom-up approach, including its evaluation of the EDGAR global inventory data, comparison between used emission factors, spatialisation and creation of the R code for its subsequent automation and update. The studio comprises quantifying atmospheric emissions in Brazil attributed to refining crude oil, producing cement, paper and cellulose, and generating electricity in biomass, gas, oil and mineral coal thermoelectric plants. The quantification of atmospheric emissions and the standardization of the calculation matrices follow the guidelines defined by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the European Environment Agency (EEA), published in documents AP-42 and EMEP/EEA 2019. Based on estimates made with the typical emission factor, at the national level, the highest emission rates are located in the country's southeastern region, specifically in the interior of the state of São Paulo. In 2019, more than 50% of the estimated emissions are associated with electricity generation with contributions of 4.85 Gg BC/year, 22.40 Gg CO/year, 159.11 Gg PM10/year, and 132.42 Gg PM2.5/year, 87.17 Gg NMVOC/year, 360.90 Gg NOx/year, 182.94 Gg TSP/year and 596.33 Gg SOx/year; this industrial sector has similar magnitudes of NOX, CO, and NMVOC to the transport sector emissions (road and non-road) from EDGAR v5. For the country, the emissions of particulate matter from thermoelectric plants have a greater magnitude. The production of fuels and oil derivatives is the second source of emissions with the highest contribution, despite operating only 17 plants in the country. The Pulp and Paper industry registers significant average BC and NMVOC emissions; The cement industry mainly emits BC and NOX, in addition to contributions of around 4.26 Gg/year of particulate matter (TSP, PM10, PM2.5). Of the four industrial sectors, the global health emergency had a marked influence due to COVID-19 on the production of cement, pulp, paper, and electricity; the refining sector was the least affected. The results show the influence of control technologies on emission calculations. The estimates made are consistent and demonstrate several emission hotspots in the country, consisting of a product for the management of air quality.