Comparação de alternativas de produção de biogás a partir da combinação de substratos da suinocultura com resíduos de batata da região dos Campos Gerais: oportunidades e discussões

Abstract

The treatment of agricultural residues is a great challenge for the recovery of large quantities of waste in Brazil and in the world. Even with the advancement of technology and management systems, the concern with the environmental preservation is present in this sector, especially with regard to pig manure. One of the environmental alternatives adopted is anaerobic digestion, since besides offering a destination to potentially polluting substrates, it is also a source of renewable energy generation. The present research aimed at the identification of biogas production opportunities from the combination of swine substrates with potato residues in the Campos Gerais region. To that end, a systematic bibliographical review was conducted, where studies were conducted on the process of biogas generation from swine manure with residues from agriculture. In addition, with an application of several methodologies in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which presents some parameters that can be used as a basis for the calculation of biogas production, being the first one by Marques e Silva (2014) and the second one by CIBiogás (2009). The results of the systematic review presented twenty-six articles, in which the use of different types of substrates was observed under different operating conditions, which influence the production of biogas. To obtain the variable that implies in the theoretical estimation equations of biogas production, the tests of the solids were conducted by means of the Gravimetric method of ABNT / NBR 10664 (1989). The results showed that the sample, composed of swine manure and potato residues presented a better concentration of volatile solids, being 0.6707 mg / L, which is more promising in the biogas generation. For the calculation of the theoretical estimate of biogas generation, the results obtained were 0.27 m3 of biogas produced per day, per animal using the Marques e Silva methodology and 1.0 m3 of biogas generated per day per animal using the CIBiogás methodology. It was possible to conclude from the results obtained in this study that the anaerobic codigestion process potentializes the biogas production, in addition to identifying the main studies that used pig slurries and agricultural residues carried out in the last twenty years. It was observed from laboratory tests that the combination of swine manure and potato is recommended for the codigestion process and that it contributes to the reduction of environmental impacts, preserving the natural resources, encouraging the use of renewable energy sources.