Subsídios para escolha do método construtivo de túneis

Abstract

Given the increasing occupation of urban environments and the demands for infrastructure, the use of underground space seems to be an option. For this purpose, tunnels are the main alternative, either for utilities, for road transport, for subway, or for sanitation. However, no studies are observed about comparison of alternatives aiming the choose of the right tunneling method, one that is most appropriate in each context it presents. Thus, the choice of tunneling method, given the diversity and complexity of factors involved, has been done with majority support of the experience gained by those involved with the work or subjective and vain aspects, causing either tunnels more expensive than they should be or tunnels which structural and functional integrity are impaired. In this context, this study presents an overview about the tunnels, geotechnical and structural qualitative aspects related to them, the most established construction methods, variables that have direct interference in the various construction methods, technical costs, social costs and environmental costs involved with tunnels and the state of the art about decision making for this type of venture. As a result, this research gives a systematic and simplified way of choosing the tunneling method, based on objective criteria and guided by the context in which the work is and the total cost. The work seeks to contribute as well, with the rationalization of design and construction of tunnels.