Fertilizante orgânico-subproduto da extração de heparina caracterização química e espectroscópica e seu efeito sobre o solo e o desempenho da cultura do milho

Abstract

Corn (Zea mays L.) is a cereal of great global importance. To achieve high productivity, the crop requires nutrients, mainly N. The aim of this study was to characterize an organic fertilizer obtained from the extraction of heparin from the intestinal mucosa of pigs (FOH) through chemical and spectroscopic analyses, and to compare its composition with other common fertilizers in agriculture. It also aims to determine the chemical fertilization for corn cultivation, considering soil analysis and the fertilizer composition FOH, in addition to outlining an experimental layout. Finally, the physicochemical characteristics of the soil and corn productivity in response to the treatments will be analyzed, with the goal of recommending a viable fertilization plan in both qualitative and quantitative terms. The field experiment was carried out in the experimental area of the Federal Technological University of Paraná – Pato Branco Campus, and consisted of the following treatments: T1 (Zero fertilization), T2 (Base mineral fertilization with NPK 04-20-20 (350 kg ha-1) + 100% urea in top dressing (300 kg ha-1)); T3 (Base mineral fertilization with NPK 04-20-20 (350 kg ha-1) + 80% urea (240 kg ha-1) + 20% FOH (545 kg ha-1)); T4 (Base mineral fertilization with NPK 04- 20-20 (350 kg ha-1) + 50% urea (150 kg ha-1) + 50% FOH (1,363 kg ha-1)). In addition to the field experiment with FOH application, this and other organic fertilizers were characterized through chemical and spectroscopic analyses. The FOH presented a high N content, the highest among the organic fertilizers analyzed, which may contribute to increased productivity and plant development. Besides N, the FOH stood out for having elevated levels of S, meeting the legislation, but showed low levels of P, Ca, and Mg, failing to meet the minimum required limits. The lower C/N ratio of FOH suggests greater N availability for the plants. Spectroscopic analysis revealed a high humification index, indicating a higher proportion of aromatic structures relative to aliphatic structuresThe experiment was short-term and FOH did not alter the chemical characteristics of the soil. Treatments T3 and T4, with the application of FOH doses, demonstrated productivity (PROD) of 116.26 and 116.31 sc ha-1, respectively, but did not differ statistically from T2 with PROD of 111.24 sc ha-1. This result positions FOH as a potential organic fertilizer for increasing grain production.