Projeto de um seguidor solar automatizado de baixo custo com ajuste sazonal manual e rotação horizontal automatizada por relés

Abstract

This work proposes an affordable solar tracking system that uses relays, eliminating the need for controllers, electronic circuits, or sensors. The system uses manual seasonal adjustment for monthly solar changes, while automated relays rotate the photovoltaic panel horizontally during the day to maximize energy capture. Initially, a study was conducted on the astronomical and geographical factors that influence solar positioning for application in the city of Ponta Grossa (PR), with the definition of the necessary adjustment angles for the tracking mechanism throughout the year. Next, different models of automated solar trackers available on the market were analyzed. Based on this analysis, a hybrid configuration was identified as the most appropriate option for achieving greater cost-effectiveness in the project. Thus, a system was modeled in three-dimensional design software that automates the daily horizontal movement by means of a synchronous motor controlled by timer relays, while the seasonal adjustment of the tension is carried out manually in five fixed positions throughout the year that are repeated. The project includes an assembly and maintenance manual, making the system easier to use. The proposal meets the initial criteria of simplicity and functionality, since its movement is automated through timer relays, presenting itself as a viable alternative for small-scale installations seeking affordable solutions. In other words, the solar tracker developed in this work is characterized by its simple construction, low cost compared to existing models on the market, and ease of maintenance due to the use of standard components that are readily available in the aftermarket.