Potencial da nanotecnologia na otimização de baterias chumbo-ácido: uma revisão sistemática sobre inovações no armazenamento de energia

Abstract

This undergraduate thesis aims to analyze the potential of nanotechnology in optimizing lead-acid batteries through a systematic literature review using the Smart Bibliometrics methodology. The bibliographic research was conducted in the Scopus and Web of Science databases, using the descriptors “lead-acid batteries,” “nanotechnology,” and “carbon,” initially retrieving 1,633 publications, from which 298 were selected after screening. The application of nanomaterials, especially carbon-based ones, proved effective in mitigating sulfation, increasing electrical conductivity, extending battery life, and improving electrochemical performance. Environmental benefits were also observed, such as the reduction of hazardous waste and lower consumption of metallic lead, aligning with sustainability principles and the circular economy. The study concludes that, despite technical, economic, and regulatory barriers, nanotechnology represents a viable and promising alternative to keep lead-acid batteries competitive compared to emerging energy storage technologies.