Fertilizante organomineral à base de resíduo de uva no controle de nematoide das galhas

Abstract

The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of grape residue and six formulations of o rgan ic mineral fertilizer based on grape residue (XN, 2XN, 3XN, X, 2X and 3X) o n the control of root knot nematodes and their effect on the growth and development of lettuc e and tomato plants. Initially, the chemical composition of the aqueous extract of the grape residue was identified using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Subsequently, in vitro tests were conducted to evaluate the effect of the aque ous extract of grape residue and organ ic mineral fertilizers on hatching and mortality of second stage juvenile (J 2 ) of Meloidogyne javanica . Following this , the effects of grape residue and organ ic mineral fertilizers incorporated in to the soil o n the con trol of M. javanica and the growth of tomato and lettuce plants were evaluated in greenhouse. T he liquid chromatographic analysis of the aqueous extract of the grape residue were identified and quantified the phenolic compounds gallic acid; epicatechin; ca techin; caffeic acid; coumaric acid and ferulic acid. The in vitro tests showed that all of the organ ic mineral fertilizers and the grape residue inhibited hatching and promoted mortality of the J 2 nematode s . In addition, the grape residue and all of the o rgan ic mineral fertilizers added to the soil increased the shoot mass and fresh roots of the lettuce and tomato plants, and reduced the number of galls and eggs of the nematode per plant root system, in tests 1 and 2 in the greenhouse. T hree trials were th en carried out under field conditions in soil naturally infested with M. incognita , to evaluate the effects of organ ic mineral fertilizers incorporated in to the soil o n the control of this nematode phytoparasite and on the development of lettuce plants. I n field test 1 , all of the organ ic mineral fertilizers controlled the nematode in the lettuce plants, e the formulations XN, X and 2X selected to be used in the other field tests. In test 2, all the organ ic mineral fertilizers only presented statistical di fference s in relation to the control treatment for the number of nematode eggs. In test 3, the organ ic mineral fertilizers did not differ from the control treatment on the control of M. incognita , but increased shoot and root growth in the lettuce plants.