Caracterização genômica de um bacteriófago isolado no sudoeste do Paraná com atividade contra Salmonella sp.

Abstract

Brazilian poultry farming is economically relevant both nationally and globally in terms of food security. However, it still faces significant challenges on the health of animals used for human consumption, with special concerns on the spread of bacterial pathogens such as Salmonella spp. In this sense, bacteriophages have gained attention as an alternative method for microbial control. This work aimed to perform the genomic characterization of a phage isolated from urban effluents in Dois Vizinhos (PR) that specifically infects a Salmonella strain isolated in the same city. The methodology involved testing different protocols for DNA extraction, where it was observed that organic extraction (phenol:chloroform) obtained the best results in terms of efficiency in isolating high-quality genomic material. DNA sequencing revealed a partially complete genome with 59,139 bp, 49% GC content and 149 coding regions (CDSs). Subsequently, the GaP-UTFPR1 phage was classified as a new species of the genus Lederbergvirus. Despite its potential for bacterial control in the laboratory, the GaP-UTFPR1 presented in its genome an integrase gene and a complex involved in genetic switch, namely, the alternation between the lytic and lysogenic cycles through gene control. Furthermore, sequences identified as homologous to antibiotic resistance genes were also found in the genome. Therefore, GaP-UTFPR1 is not recommended for use in its natural state, as it fails to meet the criteria established by the scientific literature as requirements to be considered effective and safe in controlling bacteria. However, there are still clear possibilities for adapting its genotype to the biotechnological interests for which it was previously designated, mainly using contemporary genetic engineering techniques specific to viral species.