Caracterização de geopolímeros a partir de resíduos de vidro e lodo de anodização do alumínio da região metropolitana de Curitiba

Abstract

The recycling of industrial waste has been consolidated as an important practice for the sustainability of the planet, mitigating the environmental impact and reducing costs in the production of new products. Currently, cement is one of the most used building materials, its production requires the extraction of large quantities of non- renewable materials from nature and high levels of CO2 emissions in the atmosphere. In this context, the present study aimed at the development of a cement material, using as raw materials industrial waste. Geopolymers are materials formed from the dissolution of amorphous aluminosilicates in an alkaline solution. The residues of the stonework of flat glass, aluminum anodizing sludge and a mineral filler were used as suppliers of aluminosilicates; and to obtain the alkaline medium was used sodium hydroxide solution and sodium silicate, used as activators. (XRD), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and particle size distribution, porosity, X-ray fluorescence (FRX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) ). The residues were prepared through the drying, grinding and sieving processes, for the subsequent geopolymerization, which consisted in the physical mixing between the components of the synthesis. Compressive strength tests were performed on the geopolymer samples to evaluate the degree of polymerization, considering that the higher the resistance the more polymerized the structure. After 90 days of curing at room temperature, the geopolymer matrices reached an average of 17.78 megapascals (MPa) and, after 7 days of thermal cure, 31.46 MPa. In XRD tests the geopolymers presented amorphous structure and similar configurations the crystalline phases from the raw materials. Microscopy analysis showed particles of unreacted solid raw materials due to the excess volumes of solids used in the composition and lack of heat induction for the cured reaction at room temperature. The geopolymer cement based on aluminum glass and anodizing sludge is an alternative cement material with relevant performance characteristics and low cost.