Estratégias bioclimáticas para projeto de edificações com base em dados meteorológicos entre 1960 e 2018 para capitais da Região Sul do Brasil

Abstract

To design more comfortable and efficient buildings, it is necessary to know and apply some design recommendations, bioclimatic strategies. Currently the standard that presents these assumptions is the Thermal Performance (NBR 15220/2005), backed by the 1961-1990 Climatological Standards, available from INMET (National Institute of Meteorology). In order to identify possible variations of these strategies when assessing recent years, a comparative study was carried out for the capitals of the three states of the southern region of Brazil. Weather data from 1960 to 2018 of airport weather stations, obtained from the Brazilian Air Force, were analyzed because they were arranged in similar locations (wide open), as they did not leave the runway close ‘throughout the study period, thus giving a greater degree of precision in the comparisons. The method defined for the evaluation was that of Mahoney, in its Traditional and Refurbished versions. As input values the use of the Test Reference Year (TRY) was defined. The analyzes were initiated by climatic variables, in which mild trends of temperature increase were observed for the three cities, Curitiba being the one with the highest variation (1.6º C in 58 years). Precipitation increased in Porto Alegre and Curitiba and decreased relative humidity in the three cities. In the same period the increase in demographic density was higher for Curitiba, with 535%, followed by Porto Alegre with 508% and Florianópolis and 230%. Regarding Bioclimatic Strategies, the variations were subtle, and were observed from the comparative perspective between the first and last decade of this study and their occurrences at each TRY in the same period. Based on the latter it can be said that the Bioclimatic Strategies obtained by the Mahoney Method for TRY 2009-2018 reflect the need for building design recommendations. In the same vein, it can be stated that the recommendations contained in the Performance Standard are still valid, as the climatic variations observed in the period were not sufficient to promote adjustments.The increase in demographic density between 1960 and 2019 for the cities was an influencing factor for the promotion of rising temperatures, as this increase is linked to economic, industrial, commercial growth, shrinking green areas, greater soil sealing and consequent decrease. Evapotranspiration, promoting greater absorption of solar radiation on the surface.