Prevalência e fatores relacionados à lombalgia no período gestacional: revisão sistemática

Abstract

Low back pain is one of the most frequent complaints in doctors' offices during prenatal consultations. However, there are studies indicating the prevalence in different percentages. Thus, this review aimed to investigate the prevalence of low back pain in pregnant women, their associated factors and to analyze the main findings in scientific articles. A systematic search was carried out between 2000 and 2018 in the following databases: MedLine, LILACS, BDENF and IBECS. The following descriptors were used: "low back pain during pregnancy" AND "low back pain" AND "pregnancy". Through the selection of study according to the pre-established inclusion and exclusion criteria, 23 were selected for the analysis and thus to identify the prevalence of low back pain during pregnancy. The prevalence rate of low back pain in gestation ranged from 12.4% to 95.2%, with a mean of 64.3%, resulting in a large dispersion of results between studies, which may be due to the fact that the studies were done in different countries, with varied cultures, lifestyles and genetics. Therefore, other studies validating questionnaires that consider all factors that may involve low back pain during pregnancy, such as age, gestational age, weight before and during gestation, occupation, sitting time, standing time, among others, are necessary. The main factors associated with low back pain were pre-gestational pain, high BMI, orthostatic position for long periods, advanced age, gestational age, multiparity, sedentary lifestyle and relaxin effects on the joints, especially in the hip.