Políticas públicas na perspectiva do desenvolvimento rural sustentável da Guiné-Bissau

Abstract

This dissertation was constructed from the problem research linked to the Master's Program in Regional Development, Federal Technological University of Paraná - UTFPR, Campus Pato Branco, about the context of rural development in Guinea-Bissau in the perspective of sustainability. The focus was to analyze public policies for sustainable rural development in Guinea-Bissau, containing the characterization of social, economic and environmental conditions of the country, the identification of public policies for its rural development, the mapping of social conflicts and relationship with the implementation of public policies for rural development and, finally, identification of opportunities for access of rural population to public policies. To implement the methodology used in this study was exploratory and descriptive study, based on literature review of books and articles of classic and contemporary authors and documental research from official documents available on websites of national public institutions, UN and other agencies official and non- governmental organizations that work in Guinea-Bissau. The survey revealed that over 60 % of the Guinean population lives in rural areas, facing a number of limitations by the lack of accessible public policies were farmers, as well as by social conflicts and lack of popular participation. Limitations by reductionist character of public policy because when there are bounded only by the economic aspects at the expense of social and environmental issues, even when the main focus in official documents is fighting poverty. This logic is tied to a sense of hegemonic development model, which has demonstrated social and environmental crises that bring to the fore the debate on sustainability, the relationship between local and global, among other topics. The framework of political, economic and social instability is linked to recent historical events linked to the country's independence (1974) and the 1998 civil war process, which negatively affected the living conditions of the population and prevented the country's economy estruturasse to meet your needs. This strong instability that plagued the country did not allow the public administration seek ways and means for them to tackle the challenges of development, particularly the fight against poverty, and to achieve the objectives of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs ) target set by the UN for countries development in 2015. Also highlight the lack of a clear strategy for social problems in rural Guinea concerning investment in the field, for example, there are more financial and technical support to the hands than the small farmers. To reverse this scenario, it is necessary to political participation of the people in state decision-making processes in order to overcome the capitalist hegemony identity of major powers and further foster a cooperative and collective dimension in rural areas, ie, the perspective of reciprocity as an alternative for sustainable deenvolvimento.