Ensino contextualizado de dietoterapia: contribuições para a formação do nutricionista

Abstract

The Brazilian society comes along the years going by a demographic, epidemiological and nutritional transition, generating significant changes in the procedures related to health/disease of the population. Is outlined, as well, a new epidemiological and nutritional profile of the population, marked by the high prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases and the rise of obesity. This new scenario creates new demands for the formation of nutritionists, aiming for the construction of a critical and wide picture of the patient's situation, focused on individual's completeness and health promotion. The option for researching this topic arose from understanding the recommendations dictated by the National Curriculum Guidelines - NCGs - for the undergraduate degree in Nutrition, the current demands for this professional, the existing gaps in the training of nutritionists and what is really effective in training, in a special way in the discipline of Diet Therapy 2. From this perspective, it was established as a general objective of this study propose educational activities for the teaching of Diet Therapy discipline. It was decided to a mixed methodological approach, with an interpretative and applied nature. Data were collected through questionnaires with mixed questions applied to participants individually, observations made during the development of activities and semi-structured interviews with the discipline's teacher of Supervised Internship in Clinical Nutrition. The study was conducted on a course of Nutrition, from a private institution of higher education in the General Fields region, in Parana. It was opted by the development of a research with two groups totaling 46 participants enrolled in the sixth and seventh period of Nutrition, who were attending or has had completed the discipline of Diet Therapy 2. The research was conducted in two stages. Initially, it was conducted an exploratory study to confirm the problem of this research. Then there was the second stage of the research, consist of three steps, the first was the initial diagnosis, the second was the development and implementation of educational proposal and the third step was to check their contributions. The results of the first stage indicated the perception of academics about the need for changes in the discipline, with respect to the theoretical approach in class and increase in practical classes. Based on these data, in the second stage of the research was designed and implemented a distinct educational approach to the discipline of Diet Therapy 2, using as basis the problematization and dialogical, through three pedagogical moments. The results show that all the surveyed students recognized the importance of the discipline of diet therapy 2 to your training. The proposal contributed to the progressive advancement of knowledge and preparation of the students to face the supervised internship in the last periods of the course and, consequently, the labor market, acting as agents of behavior change with their patients, seeking recovery and increased quality of life. With the purpose of sharing teaching knowledge with other professionals in the field, as a final product of this work, we designed an activity book entitled "Activity Notebook for the discipline of Diet Therapy 2".