O estudo de erros e obstáculos nas operações fundamentais de matemática cometidos por alunos de 6º ano em salas de apoio

Abstract

This research aimed at analyzing how teachers can redefine the mathematical concept about the fundamental operations in Mathematics observing errors and obstacles encountered by 6th graders in State School Teaching Assistance Classrooms in the city of Ponta Grossa, State of Paraná. Participants were 6th grade students in a State School Math Teaching Assistance Classroom in the city of Ponta Grossa, State of Paraná. In this qualitative and interpretive research, the objective was twofold: to analyze the most common errors in fundamental operations made by the students and classify them according to the epistemological, didactical, psychological and ontogenic obstacles categorized by the French Mathematician Guy Brousseau. It is important to point out that the identified obstacles in the activities were epistemological and didactical. Firstly, an assessment activity was designed in which students were required to solve problems and operations using addition, subtraction, multiplication and division Math operations. Secondly, the errors made by the students were pointed out by the researcher and the activity was returned to the students for the errors to be corrected. After that, another assessment activity was designed to verify the existence of any improvement in the learning process. The error analysis was based on the studies of Almouloud (2007), Cury (2015) and Bardin (2011), checking the errors and classifying them according to epistemological and didactical obstacles. It was observed that students made fewer errors in the second activity than in the first. Thus, it can be concluded that when teachers return activities to students the learning process becomes more effective, therefore evidencing that there was a positive response from the students, after the accomplishment of the activities. The results of this research made it possible to design an App to be made available on the Android platform. This app has two sections: one for teachers and one for students, and will certainly contribute to the improvement of the learning Mathematical basic operations.