Sistemas de plantio direto e a percepção dos produtores: aplicação de índice de qualidade participativo (IQP)

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the perception of rural producers in the regions of Paraná and Southeastern São Paulo regarding the No-Tillage System (NTS), using the Participatory Quality Index (PQI). The research was conducted in municipalities of southwestern Paraná, such as Itapejara d'Oeste, Vitorino, Mariópolis, and Laranjeiras do Sul, and in areas of southeastern São Paulo, such as Itaberá and Taguaí, characterized by a humid subtropical climate and Red Latosol soil. The methodology included field research with the application of questionnaires to farmers in these regions. Soil conservation practices, crop rotation, residue persistence, soil fertility, compaction, erosion, and planting windows were analyzed. Based on the responses, the PQI score was calculated for each property, enabling the self-assessment of management systems and the identification of strengths and areas for improvement. The results showed differences between the regions: producers in Paraná faced greater challenges with soil compaction and erosion due to the rugged terrain and climatic conditions, adopting practices such as the use of terraces. Meanwhile, farmers in São Paulo achieved better PQI results, benefiting from more favorable terrain and lower erosion rates, although they employed fewer techniques like terracing. According to the farmers' perceptions in both states, the NTS, when properly implemented, brought benefits such as reduced erosion, increased fertility, greater water conservation in the soil, and lower production costs. However, inconsistencies were observed in the full adoption of the system's principles, such as mechanical soil preparation on some properties claiming adherence to the NTS. It is concluded that soil management is essential for environmental preservation and productivity increase, and it is crucial to promote greater farmer training.