Aplicação de compensadores estáticos de reativos em problemas de estabilidade de tensão

Abstract

Ensuring the transmission of electrical energy with quality and minimal interruptions is a priority for energy utilities. Therefore, developing alternatives to mitigate problems arising from voltage stability is crucial to ensuring the proper and reliable functioning of the electrical system, keeping voltages at acceptable levels after a disturbance. Voltage instability occurs when variations in load or changes in the system topology cause an uncontrollable decline in voltage. Voltage control aims to maintain voltages within established limits to ensure quality for the consumer. In transmission systems, various challenges related to voltage control arise. Problems can occur due to voltage drops or increases along a circuit, resulting from variations in reactive power flows under constant load conditions. In this context, one of the methods used for voltage control is the use of passive compensators such as capacitors and shunt reactors. The other method is the use of active compensators such as SVCS, which use components like thyristors for reactive power control. These are intelligent devices that dynamically adjust to the system's needs, offering better performance in stabilizing voltages, although they are more expensive. The aim of this work is to compare static var compensators (SVCS) and passive compensators to analyze their effects on voltage stability in electrical systems. The methodology involves simulations with the ANAREDE and ANATEM software to study the voltage stability problem in different scenarios: without compensation, with passive compensation, and with active compensation.