Propagação de jabuticabeira [Plinia cauliflora (DC.) Kausel] por enxertia, alporquia e estaquia

Abstract

The jabuticaba fruit tree from seeds present long juvenile period becomes important to use other methods that will minimize this problem. The aim of this study was to establish efficient methods for jabuticaba fruit tree vegetative propagation by grafting, air layering and cuttings. The study was carried out at Nursery Sector of UTFPR - Câmpus Dois Vizinhos, Paraná State, Brazil at 2011 to 2013. The work was divided into four experiments according the propagation vegetative method used. The experiment 1 evaluated the grafting used the experimental design was blocks completely randomized, in factorial 3. x 2 (rootstock specie x grafting type), with 4 replications of ten grafts by plot. It was tested the jabuticaba fruit tree (Plinia cauliflora) grafting compatibility in three Myrtaceae species (Surinam cherry, native cherry and jabuticaba fruit tree) as rootstock. It was tested the cleft grafting and wedge graft. The experiment 2 tested the experimental design was blocks completely randomized, in factorial 3. x 3 x 3 (time x IBA concentration x packaging type), with 4 replications of five branches by plot. It was used in the cambial region IBA in the 0, 2000 and 4000 mg L-1 concentrations and the transparent plastic packaging, plastic packaging transparent coated foil or black plastic packaging as substrate packaging involved. The experiment 3 was used the experimental design was blocks completely randomized, in factorial 6. x 3 x 3 (time harvest x conditioning technical x IBA concentration), with 4 replications of twenty cutes by plot. The wood cuttings were harvested each two monts, it tested the girdling and etiolation. It was applied the IBA concentrations of 0, 3000 and 6000 mg L-1. The experiment 4 the experimental design was blocks completely randomized, in factorial 6. x 4 x 3 (time harvest x propagation bag x IBA concentration), with 4 replications of fifteen cutes by plot. The wood cuttings were harvested each two monts, it tested 6, 12 and 18 cm cutting sizes and, four packaging type (plastic trays involved with black plastic, PET® bottle with Ò black Tetra Pak® packaging, PET® bottle and black Tetra Pak® packaging). For Açú jabuticaba fruit tree must to use plants of same species as rootstock in the grafting, with the cleft grafting and wedge graft technicals. The plastic packaging transparent coated foil was promising for Açu jabuticaba fruit tree air layering, it wa recommend realized in April. The IBA concentrations did not influence the branches adventitious root formation. It was recommend that to use the girdling technique for jabuticaba fruit tree cutting in February and April months, with IBA. It was recommend that procedures time for girdling and shading and the branches harvest must be better analyzed. However, the harvest time, propagation bag and cutting length did not influence the jabuticaba fruit tree cutting rooting of jabuticabeira.