Políticas públicas e formas econômicas de proteção ambiental: aplicação do ICMS-ecológico no município de Curitiba

Abstract

Taking as its starting point an overview of the concept of environment in various contexts over time, this research aims to address the function and applications of ICMS-Ecological as a form of public policy for sustainable development, the preservation of biodiversity and the regional development of the city of Curitiba-PR. Its general objective is to analyze the manner in which the distribution, application and control of resources from ICMS-Ecológico are carried out in this locality. For this purpose, bibliographic research is used as methods, addressing, in addition to the main features of the ICMS-Ecological, relevant concepts and theories on the subject in question, as well as documentary research, analyzed from different perspectives for better abstraction of its content, besides a case study based on the theoretical framework. Starting from the concepts of environment, public policy and the explanation of the current ecological crisis, we present the concept of paradigm, according to Thomas Kuhn, and adopts the cognitive approach to public policy proposed by Yves Surel. Thus two environmental paradigms are presented, the dominant social paradigm, on which all economic and technological development has been based since the Industrial Revolution, and the new ecological paradigm, based on sustainability, elaborated at the end of the twentieth century, which proposes a new economic development model. Thus, a parallel is drawn with the Brazilian environmental policies, identifying them according to the two paradigm models addressed. As a result we have a reflection on the relevance of the implementation of environmental public policies and, more specifically, the proof that the resources from the ICMS-Ecological are not always properly applied in actions aimed at preserving the environment. This research led to the conclusion that the ICMS-Ecológico has represented above all an incentive for environmental conservation, and not just an instrument of compensation or mere contribution to this practice, although it still needs more supervision and more effective control in relation to its use. application in the region analyzed.