Simulação computacional do desempenho térmico de uma edificação com uso de fachada ventilada

Abstract

In view of the climatic events that we have aggravated in the last decades and considering the large amount of energy consumed by the buildings in Brazil to maintain the interior of the residences in an adequate level of comfort for its inhabitants, the enveloping of the building is the element capable of improving this frame. Among the technical solutions for the execution of the envelope in the market, the ventilated façade system is a viable option for the Brazilian context. The ventilated façades are characterized by their structure that has an external element detached a few centimeters from the envelope. The space between the two layers is free for air movement, this structure creates specific conditions of heat exchanges between the external and internal environment. For the calculation of this condition of ventilated air chamber, the technical literature and current regulations present simplified forms for their determination, so, for the quantification of the thermal balance and reliable results the thermal simulation is the most adequate way to obtain strong results. This paper was based on a multifamily four-story building to be built in the city of Curitiba, PR. The study sought a systematization for the energy simulations that made it possible to create a mass of data that could be compared. Two theoretical models have been developed that differentiate in themselves only by the envelope, for a model was specified a masonry facade of six-hole ceramic brick and for the other, besides the facade of masonry, was specified the ventilated facade system for all the walls outside. Simulations were run for two other cities with extreme climates when compared to the city of Curitiba. In all simulations the ventilated façade system proved to be effective for the control of the internal temperature of the dwellings, when simulated only with natural ventilation in the environments the temperature tended to be milder and when simulated with natural ventilation and air conditioning presented a reduction of up to 33% in electricity consumption.