Análise do monitoramento da poluição do ar e da incidência de doenças no aparelho respiratório no município de Araucária/PR

Abstract

The respiratory effects of air pollutants on the inhabitants of Araucária are little studied, since there are no studies that statistically correlate these effects in relation to the concentration of atmospheric pollutants. This study aims analyze the data of air pollution monitoring in the municipality of Araucaria, between 2014 and 2016, obtained by automatic stations REPAR, ASSIS, CISA-CSN and UEG, operated by the Environmental Institute of Parana (IAP). Besides that, were analyzed the data of morbidity and mortality related to respiratory diseases. The pollutants measured were sulfur dioxide (SO2), total suspended particles (PTS), inhalable particles (PM10) and ozone (O3). The level of average concentrations were compared to the maximum limits established by CONAMA resolution 03/90. Such concentrations were classified according to the air quality index (IQA), in order to quantify the number of episodes with low air quality that could jeopardize the health of the population. Air quality standards can vary significantly depending on the location of the monitoring station and the climatic conditions. Measurements of SO2 in ASSIS station demonstrated standards of good air quality throughout all the analyzed period. On the other hand, at the station CISA-CSN, SO2 levels were classified as regular in 28 days in the period. In addition, it was observed a disturbing episode, on January 4th, 2014, when the average daily concentration of SO2 reached 395 µg/m3, considered as inadequate by the IQA, where the entire population may be affected and the most susceptible groups have more serious health risks. In relation to hospitalization data it was possible to identify that the age range between 01 to 14 years and above 60 years suffer more because the effects of air pollution and seasonality. Both the number of hospitalizations as public spending in the municipality of Araucaria come growing significantly over the past four years. Peaks hospitalizations practically doubled between 2014 and 2017. The index that correlates the maximum values of monthly costs with hospitalizations reached in the municipality of Araucaria in relation to RMC was 4.10% (2014) to 7.62% (2017), that is public expenditure in Araucária due to respiratory illnesses grew more than the RMC.