Risco à saúde atribuído à poluição do ar e variáveis meteorológicas na região metropolitana de Curitiba

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the risk attributed to human health by exposure to air pollution and meteorological variables in the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba (MRC). The greater emphasis is on the cities of Araucária and Curitiba, in the period from 2010 to 2014, for age groups of 0-9 years old, 10-19, 20-64, over 64 years, and another including all ages. Curitiba has the major populations and Araucaria has the major industrial centers of the state, with a predominance of different pollutant emission sources. This study investigated the associations of air quality and meteorological variables with circulatory and respiratory diseases, the relative risk (RR) and the risk assigned to health by concentrations of PM10 and O3. The results indicate that the model with Negative Binomial distribution is the most suitable, differently of most of the studies presented until now. The relative risk and attributable risk by air pollutants were calculated from the coefficients obtained in the regression model. The best adjustment was found for the group of people over 64 years in Araucaria, both for circulatory diseases due to CO, as for respiratory hospitalizations due to O3, SO2 and T-Tm. In Curitiba, the best adjustment of the model was for the group containing all ages for circulatory hospitalizations due to PM10, and the group of 20-64 years for respiratory hospitalizations for CO, O3 and T-Tm. The most significant lags were from 3 to 7 days after the exposure to air pollution. In Araucária the most statistically significant RR was 1.44635 for circulatory hospitalizations among people over 64 years due to CO. For respiratory hospitalizations, the RR was 2.4128, found in the age group 10 to 19 years, corresponding to the pollutant CO. The RR was also important in the group of 20-64 years for NO2, which was 1.00758. At Curitiba the most significant RR was by hospitalizations for respiratory diseases in the amount of 1.00315 to the group of 0-9 years due to PM10, of 1.14881 in the range of 20-64 years old for CO, of 1.00329 for 20-64 to O3, and 1.13886 for over 64 years old due to CO. 112 circulatory hospitalizations in the MRC were associated to PM10 and 97 respiratory hospitalization were associated with the PM10. 67 respiratory hospitalizations in the MRC were associated to O3. With the estimation of these values, it is possible to evaluate the impact in public health and how these costs could be avoided and focused on the prevention of adverse effects of public health, the implementation of regulatory policies and regulations to reduce the emission and concentration of air pollutants.