Porta-enxertos clonais no crescimento, produtividade e qualidade de frutos de pessegueiro ‘BRS Kampai’

Abstract

The peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) is one of the temperate fruit trees more produced in the world and its fruits are appreciated both for fresh consumption and production on jams, canning, juice and nectars. The use of modern cultivation techniques and peach cultivars and rootstocks more adapted allowed its production in unfavorable soil and climate conditions. The use of rootstocks influence directly the vegetative features, productive, phenological and the fruit quality of the scion cultivar. However, in Brazil the research for peach tree rootstock is recent, there is little information about their recommendation for Brazilian growing conditions. The objective of this study is to evaluate the graft compatibility and the influence of the clonal rootstocks in the growth, production and fruit quality of BRS Kampai peach tree. The experiment was installed in July 2014 at the Experimental Orchard of the Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR), Pato Branco Campus, being evaluated between the years 2015 and 2016. Were used BRS Kampai cultivar grafted on 19 clonal rootstocks of the Prunus genus. As control, were used BRS Kampai plants combined with ‘Capdeboscq’ and ‘Okinawa’ rootstocks and BRS Kampai self-rooted plants (without rootstock) which, like all rootstocks, were also propagated by herbaceous cuttings under intermittent nebulisation. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with six replicates. In field variables vegetative, productive and phenological were evaluated and in the laboratory the physicochemical characteristics of fruits. The superiority frequency methodology was adopted to identify the best treatments according to the research hypothesis.The use of different rootstocks influenced the BRS Kampai cultivar on vegetative vigor, phenology, yield and fruit quality. 'Marianna 2624' and 'Mirabolano 29C' are incompatible with the BRS Kampai cultivar. The 'Flordaguard', 'Mexico Fila 1', 'Self-rooted' and 'G x N.9' rootstocks induced greater vigor in the scion cultivar, while the ‘Tsukuba-1’, ‘Tsukuba-2’, ‘Tsukuba-3’, ‘Ishtara’, ‘I-67-52-4’ and ‘Cadaman’ rootstocks the smallest vigor. The 'G x N.9' rootstock presented the most compact flowering period. According to the frequency of superiority the four best rootstocks were 'Tsukuba-3', 'Tsukuba-1', 'Tsukuba-2' and 'Ishtara'. 'Capdeboscq', 'Okinawa' and 'Self-rooted' treatments didn’t perform well under this methodology, along with 'Cadaman' and 'I-67-52-4'. The BRS Kampai cultivar self-rooted presented high vigor.