Papel dos miRNAS no tecido adiposo normal e obeso: revisão da literatura

Abstract

The worldwide prevalence of obesity has more than doubled between 1980 and 2014, where more than 1.9 billion adults, 18 years or older, are overweight and more than 600 million of these are obese. In Brazil, according to the latest research, in 2014, 52.5% of Brazilians are overweight, while 17.9% are obese. Obesity is a major risk factor for noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension and cancer. Metabolic healthy obese subjects tend to have hyperplastic obesity frame, which ensures the integrity of adipose tissue function and has been shown to be a key to maintaining body homeostasis in cases of imbalance in energy metabolism, e.g. obesity. Thus, the study of adipogenesis and factors that may influence these phases of proliferation and differentiation, are very important in the context of obesity and associated diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are one of the factors that have been shown to have an essential role in adipogenesis and in the regulation of metabolic and endocrine functions of adipose tissue. Moreover, obesity shows influence the expression of miRNAs in adipose tissue, despite the small number of experimental validation in humans. Therefore, this review shows, from the literature, the influence of miRNAs on adipogenesis, in addition to the influence of obesity.