Estimação da taxa de desempenho de sistemas fotovoltaicos conectados à rede com diferentes tecnologias no estado do Paraná

Abstract

Brazilian growing demand for electric energy, associated with the goal of sustainable development, leads to the search and exploration of renewable energy generation sources. Grid connected photovoltaic systems (GCPS) have significantly increased it installed capacity in Brazil and Paraná in the last years, stimulating more research in order to analyze its performance. This study aims to estimate the performance ratio (PR) for GCPSs with four distinct photovoltaic module technologies: monocrystalline silicon (m-Si), polycrystalline silicon (p-Si), copper-indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) and cadmium telluride (CdTe); installed in six cities in the state of Paraná, representing it distinctives microclimates. The PR is relevant to determine the performance of these systems, discounting the various forms of existing losses, mainly due to the temperature of the photovoltaic cell. There is no record of any large study for this type of estimation, making it impossible to know more accurate data for Paraná. To perform the quantitative analysis of the system losses, the temperature in the photovoltaic cell (Tc) was first estimated by analyzing nine equations submitted in the international literature. Subsequently, from these values, the losses by temperature were calculated using methods described in the literature, added to the other sorts of GCPS losses presented in other publications. In general, the equation that best modeled Tc in the studied GCPS was the one proposed by Schott (1985). The CdTe panels presented the lower losses temperatures, whose power loss coefficient with the increasing temperature is the lowest among the studied technologies. In general, estimates indicated lower Prs in hot months and high irradiance. In calculations involving real data, the CdTe systems showed higher Prs. According to estimates, in general, the technology with the highest average PR was m-Si, which has the photovoltaic module with greater efficiency (18.8%), followed by p-Si. The CdTe technology showed higher Prs estimated only in Campo Mourão and Medianeira. When the estimate was compared with real values, it was noticed that the smallest average errors were in the m-Si and CIGS technologies, showing that the methodology better modeled these systems. The estimated average Prs were around 80% and the mean absolute error between the estimated and actual values were less than 5%.