Qualidade do solo de uma agrofloresta no sudoeste do estado do Paraná

Abstract

Agroforestry aims to reduce the effects caused by human interference in the environment, helping to conserve biodiversity. In this work the objective was to verify the chemical, physical and biological indicators of the soil of an agroforest in initial development. The study was carried out in the didactic / demonstration unit of agroforestry, located at the Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Câmpus Dois Vizinhos. Soil samples were collected and traps were installed to sample the epiedaphic fauna in six areas (treatments): four agroforestry quadrants, the secondary forest area and an area under crop-livestock integration system. The collections were carried out in 2013 and 2015, both in November, at six collection points (pseudoreptions), stratified into three depths: 0-5, 5-10 and 10-20 cm. The soil chemical analyzes were of macronutrients, aluminum and organic matter, and related indexes were calculated. The physical analyzes were of density, macroporosity and microporosity. It was also evaluated soil penetration resistance using penetrometer. Epidaphic fauna was collected with Pitfall-traps traps. To evaluate the microbial activity of the soil, the C-CO2 mineralization was determined in the 0-5 cm layer. The data were submitted to Analysis of Variance, followed by comparison of means of treatments by the Scott-Knott test. To verify if there were differences between the collection years (2013 and 2015) the Wilcoxon paired test or paired t-test was applied. The indicators of soil physical quality of agroforestry are at intermediate levels, similar to the integration system for livestock farming, but still below the indicators of a secondary native forest. It was possible to verify that comparing the evaluations of 2013 with those of 2015, there was no significant difference for most of the analyzed variables. The evaluation of the improvement of the soil of an agroforest with little time of implantation, can be realized using the physical and biological attributes of the soil.