Proposta e especificação de um sistema produto-serviço para tratamento de lixo orgânico e geração de biogás em municípios brasileiros de pequeno porte

Abstract

In developing countries, domestic organic waste is commonly destined in landfills, with no treatment. Brazil has more than 3000 landfills, which affect the health of 95 million people. The government of the cities has not funds enough to support the cost of the treatment technologies available. Thus, low-cost alternatives to face the problem are an urgent necessity. The present thesis proposes a low-cost ProductService System (PSS) that allows the correct processing of solid organic waste, using the municipality’s actual budget, to help them to attend to the demands of the Solid Waste National Policy, thus eliminating the landfills, represented through the Systems Modelling Language (SYSML). The proposed solutions found in the literature preconize the biodigester sale business model to the treatment of organic waste. However, the lack of funds of the low-income families to pay for the equipment, associated with the lack of provision of training recycling and adequate maintenance, by the manufacturers, conduces to the inoperability of the equipment and the failure of the model. The system proposed in the present thesis proposes the installation of domestic biodigesters together with monitoring, training, and maintenance services, which viability will rely upon the funding by the municipalities, by incomings coming from the savings with waste transportation, apart from the production of biogas to domestic use. Besides the proposed Product-Service System, the present work presents a new methodology to the PSS development, constructed on the models presented in the recent scientific literature. The evaluation of the projected PSS considering the Porto Amazonas city scenario, in Parana state, pointed to the economic sustainability of the model. It showed viability to the municipality and the PSS provider, in a scenario that considers a decrease of up to 20% on monthly expenses with solid organic waste management to the municipality and MAR of 9,6% a year to the provider’s investment. The PSS also delivers the benefit of 40% off on cooking gas expenses to the end-users that host the biodigesters. The proposed PSS is aligned with the goals, directives, and objectives of the National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS), related to the domestic solid organic waste management, established in the National Solid Waste Plan (PLANARES), in its 2020 version, and its adoption, by the municipalities, has the potential of to contribute to enlarging the discussion of actions to adequate the regulatory ambient, in the scope of the PLANARES, to make innovative proposals to generate energy from the solid organic waste become viable.