A relação universidade-empresa-governo no contexto do Sistema Nacional de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação Brasileiro: um estudo de caso dos mecanismos de cooperação e seus intervenientes em uma universidade pública

Abstract

Considering the university-enterprise-government relationship in the National System of Science, Technology and Innovation - SNCTI, it will be present a case study of a cooperation mechanisms in a Public University, which is considered an operator actor of the SNCTI. As a basis for the research, we work on concepts of science, technology and innovation, which although similar and complementary, when considered alone, assume different concepts within the technical literature. It also highlights the importance of this triad to the socioeconomic development of a nation. At the same time, it presents the importance and the evolution of the relationship between universities, private enterprise and government to empower a country's innovative capacity. In this sense, it enters into a complex universe in which these organizations are inserted: the Brazilian National System of Science, Technology andInnovation. In order to understand the context in which the university is inserted and in addition to presenting historical events, sources of financing, instruments and legal aspects, it is highlighted the main actors, along with their relations and functions, in the formation of this complex system.Concentrating studies on universities and in their relationship with the market, it is highlighted the new structures emerged to facilitate and empower this relationship: the Technological Innovation Centers (NITs).From this and as a guiding form for the research, it is presenting a theoretical reference about the mechanisms and intervening aspects of the relationship of cooperation between university and the productive sector. In the last part of the research, it's introduced anFederal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR) case study. First, based on information and data obtained through documents and on the institution's own website, the organization that was the subject of the case study is introduced. It will be shown the specificities of its history and its current moment as the first and unique technological university of the country. In a second moment, through a documentary research, based on the last three management reports published by the institution and on materials made available on its website, the main cooperation mechanisms of UTFPR are analysed, focusing on PROREC's performance – which are the administrative structure responsible for the interaction between the university, the private enterprise and the community. At this point of the research, it is perceived a great number of mechanisms which enable the transfer of the knowledge and technologies produced in the institution – all of them under the PROREC management. As an example, we can mention: structures to facilitate the articulation between the university and the market (Innovation Agency and NITs) and Technology Services and Projects. Lastly, through a questionnaire applied to the Directors of Business and Community Relations (DIRECs) of all 13 UTFPR campuses, it will be listed and analysed the main barriers, facilitators and motivators which interfere in the University's cooperation with the market. Among the several barriers presented, it was emphasised the one related to the bureaucracy of the internal processes of the university. Regarding the facilitating and motivating factors, it is highlighted the presence of the DIRECs in all the campuses of the institution it is highlighted and also the financial issues related to fundraising, cost minimization and financial gains.