Seleção de projetos de mobilidade urbana: uma abordagem multicritério

Abstract

As a result of urbanization processes, there is an increase in the demand for transport in cities, reflecting an increase in problems with pollution, congestion, noise and safety. In response to these problems, technological advances were the main factors that led to the emergence of smart and sustainable cities, implying challenges for the development of transport infrastructure in cities. The literature on urban mobility, in general, focuses on developed contexts and large cities, with a lack of studies in cities with smaller population sizes. In this context, the objective of this research is to propose a model for the selection of urban mobility projects in medium- sized cities, from the perspective of intelligence and sustainability, and based on multicriteria decision methods. The model consists of 43 evaluation criteria, from the literature, classified into four dimensions: social, environmental, technical and economic. To assign weights to the criteria, the multicriteria method AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) is used through interviews with seven specialists in urban mobility. The collection of information about the relevant criteria and the evaluation of alternatives is done through online forms, and its processing with the 2-tuple linguistic computational model. The final processing and generation of the ranking of alternatives is operated by the multicriteria method TOPSIS 2-tuple (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution). The application of the model consisted of the evaluation of four mobility projects in line with the Master Plan of the city of Pato Branco –PR, pointing out the alternative “A1 – Removal of parking lots” with the best performance in the final ranking. The main contributions of the research are: (i) the study of urban mobility in the context of medium-sized cities; (ii) use of the 2-tuple linguistic model for information processing; (iii) existence of a predefined set of criteria, allowing decision makers to define a smaller set of criteria relevant to the alternatives. From the results, it is understood that the model can be implemented in practice by municipal managers, with the advantage of using criteria validated in the literature, maintaining the decision-makers' autonomy to select those that best satisfy the problem. Also noteworthy as contributions are the set of criteria carefully selected in the literature, the model proposed as a decision support tool, and the possibility using other methods to complement the model in future works.