Efetividade de três unidades de conservação federais para redução da perda de habitats na floresta com araucárias e campos nativos associados

Abstract

The loss and fragmentation of habitats in natural environments is a problem that affects different ecosystems in different regions of the planet, which can cause damage to biodiversity and affect human beings themselves, affecting society-nature relations. Disturbances of this type have also been identified in rural areas of the Mixed Ombrophilous Forest (Araucaria Forest) distribution region and associated native fields, such as in the municipalities of Palmas and General Carneiro, in the state of Paraná and, Abelardo Luz, Passos Maia and Ponte Serrada in Santa Catarina, Brazil. In this regional context, three Protected Areas were created between 2005 and 2006 with the aim of protecting samples of the remnants of these natural areas - the Araucárias National Park, the Mata Preta Ecological Station and the Campos de Palmas Wildlife Refuge. The objective of the present study was to analyze the effectiveness of these Protected Areas in containing habitat suppression, comparing the dynamics of losses and gains of native areas within the units, with the wider area where they are located. To this end, geoprocessing tools supported landscape-level analyzes based on the annual mapping of land uses and covers, between 1985 and 2021, produced by MapBiomas, a collaborative network that provides an open and multiplyable platform. Graphs, diagrams and tables were created to enable the interpretation of geoinformation, thus allowing socio-environmental themes to be identified and incorporated into the analysis results and discussions. The results indicated that the effectiveness of the Protected Areas analyzed was more favorable for native forest than for native fields. Furthermore, relationships were identified and discussed, about: increased possibility of pine bioinvasion in the region were identified and discussed; the potentially harmful effects of poorly conducted Protected Areas creation processes; the composition of land uses in Buffer Zones and their importance for the integration of the interior landscape with the exterior of Protected Areas; compatibility of rural activities with the maintenance of native areas; among others. Knowing the effectiveness of these Protected Areas based on the dynamics of land use and coverage also allowed relevant and current themes related to these spaces which could also contribute to more sustainable advances in the region's development processes.