Desenvolvimento de um agroquímico para controle de "Tillandsia recurvata"

Abstract

Tillandsia recurvata is an atmospheric epiphytic bromeliad widely distributed in Brazil and other countries across the Americas. Its ability to attach to different surfaces, including trees, walls, fences, and electrical networks, combined with its advanced epiphytic adaptation, confers a high degree of independence from the soil. The species exhibits both scientific and technological potential, standing out as a bioindicator of atmospheric pollutants and as a source of bioactive compounds, as well as negative impacts in urban and rural contexts, especially when occurring at high densities. Infestations of T. recurvata may compromise the development of host trees and cause operational difficulties in electrical networks due to moisture retention, increased weight on power lines, and interference with maintenance activities. In this context, this study aimed to conduct a systematic literature review to investigate and improve understanding of the species, as well as to support the development and testing of a low-cost chemical emulsion with sustainable potential intended to assist in controlling T. recurvata. The formulation was designed to create an impermeabilizing surface on the plant, thereby preventing the absorption of water and nutrients from the atmosphere and leading to plant death. For this purpose, the emulsion consisted of saturated hydrocarbons, an anionic surfactant, glyphosate, inorganic salts, and chemical dyes. The product was applied to 18 adult medium-sized clumps and 6 seedlings of T. recurvata, evaluated in situ in the municipality of Ponta Grossa. The tested emulsion promoted plant mortality, although it did not induce spontaneous abscission, indicating the need for complementary mechanical removal. Electrical conductivity measurements showed values similar to those of deionized water, indicating safety for application near electrical infrastructure. In addition, the product exhibited rain resistance from 48 hours after application and an average drying time of 135 minutes for a medium-sized clump. It is concluded that the developed emulsion has potential as an auxiliary method for controlling the proliferation of T. recurvata, especially in urban environments, and should be employed in conjunction with mechanical techniques to ensure effective removal of the species.