Uso de ferramentas de geoprocessamento na análise da resistência mecânica do solo à penetração

Abstract

With the expansion of the agricultural frontier and the consequent increased demand in agricultural production, problems related to soil quality began to emerge, one is compaction. Trying to find tools that contribute to the assessment of soil mechanical resistance to penetration (RMP), caused by compaction, this study aimed to the creation of a Geographic Information System for the analysis and representation through maps soil behavior an experimental area at the Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - Campus Dois Vizinhos. The area has a total of seven hectares and is already being used for research purposes. For its division was used Experimental Design Blocks The Rebound (DBA) with three replications (blocks) in a split plot. In the main plots were allocated the winter treatments, grazing and no grazing in a pasture of oat + ryegrass + vetch. The subplots cultures of summer corn and soybeans were allocated. It was evaluated after removal of the animals and after the farming culture of the soil mechanical resistance to penetration, which in each plot were sampled 30 points randomly. To collect the strength of data it used a digital penetrometer, along with a topographic GPS receiver for the collection of spatial point information. Through the data obtained it was possible to create a bank GIS data, which provide information necessary for the preparation of maps in different layers of soil (0-10 cm, 10-15 cm, 15-20 cm and 20-40 cm) the study area, and allows the identification of the most critical points of penetration resistance, for further correction. Areas with no grazing and grazing showed no difference in soil mechanical resistance to penetration, however can be observed through the maps, major points of high RMP post grazing. The summer crops have acted positively on the mechanical resistance to penetration, favoring the lower RMP, especially maize.