Diversidade da macrofauna epidáfica em solos submetidos a diferentes usos na região sudoeste do Paraná

Abstract

The different vegetation cover form on the ground a variable layer thickness, capable of housing a variety of organisms. Among these organizations stand out epiedaphic macrofauna, which play important roles on improving and maintaining soil quality, such as decomposition of organic matter and improving physical attributes such as aggregation, porosity and water infiltration rate. Given the above, this study aimed to study the epiedaphic macrofauna, its composition, distribution, and compare data of biodiversity under different management systems. Samples were collected in the city of Two Neighbors - PR, in two distinct periods during the summer and autumn. The first collection took place in December 2014 and the second in May 2015, being evaluated six management systems, including: eucalyptus plantation, riparian vegetation, legal reserve, corn, soy and pasture, with five repetitions, featuring a simple factorial design 6 x 2. The epiedaphic fauna was sampled using the methodology of pitfall traps (Pitfall-traps) and abiotic parameters measured by collecting soil samples The biological data were analyzed according to a Detrended correspondence analysis, followed by determination of, the fauna richness and Shannon diversity index, Pielou uniformity and Simpson dominance indide while abiotic data were submitted to principal component analysis. 28 families have been identified for the six study sites, totaling 2729 copies, of which 78.52% correspond to the summer collection and 21.48% to the collection of fall. Eight different orders were collected, as follows: Araneae (2.93%), Blattodea (0.51%), Coleotera (32.25%), Diptera (42.69%), Hemiptera (0.92%), Hymenoptera ( 13.23%), Opiliones (0.07%), Orthopera (5.20%) and Pulmonata (1.94%). The order Diptera was the one with the greatest number of individuals, and the Drosophilidae family represented 95.62% of this index. The Coleoptera order was the second with the highest percentage of individuals, 32.25% of the total, the Nitidulidae families Scolytidae and Staphylinidae the most representative and amounted to 89.55% of the organisms associated with this order Hymenoptera The order was the third with highest percentage of individuals totaling 13.23%, while the corresponding family Formicidae 100% of this index. It was found that the greatest wealth of organisms found in the area of legal reserve, followed by eucalyptus area and riparian forest, while the lowest values were found in the pasture, soybeans and corn during the summer period. In the autumn period, there was greater wealth in the area of legal reserve, eucalyptus and pasture, and the smallest, in the gallery forest, corn and soybeans. It was observed that the Shannon index ranged from .3294 to .9223, the two sampling periods, the lowest amount for the pasture and the greater the legal reserve. Most evenness occurred in the soybean monoculture (0.7652) during the summer period, and the smallest to the pasture area (0.3294). Demonstrating that the vegetation type affected about the diversity of macrofauna and that does not suffer temporal but spatial differentiation.