Mapeamento e avaliação da maior operação humanitária do Brasil sob a ótica do lean manufacturing

Abstract

Tailings dam are a common construction in Brazil, especially in the mining state of Minas Gerais. However, its construction and operation brings risks to the surrounding community, due to its possible high damage potential. Collapses such as those that occurred in the cities Mariana, in 2015, and Brumadinho, in 2019, may occur again at any time. The humanitarian operation around a possible collapse must be planned in such way to minimize the suffering of the victims and to meet the needs of the affected population. Through research in the media, official reports and contacts with people who, in some way, played a role in the humanitarian chain in Brumadinho, a mapping was carried out showing the main activities developed throughout the entire chain (prevention, preparation, response and recovery). The case study begins with an introduction about mining activity, which highlights the fundamental role of the state of Minas Gerais, the use of dams to contain mining tailings and the importance of working for its safety. After that, the event of January 25th, 2019, at the Córrego do Feijão mine in Brumadinho is described. This paper seeks, as well, to identify the federal, state, municipal and private management model used in the humanitarian response. The different humanitarian actions carried out, such as search and rescue actions, victim assistance actions and recovery of affected areas are shown, followed by an identification of various actors in Humanitarian Logistics. An evaluation of these activities was also carried out, based on some principles of lean manufacturing, as the 7 wastes this methodology seeks to eliminate and some tools that help this philosophy to fulfill its objectives.