Modelo estatístico geográfico aplicado aos serviços municipais de saneamento público para conurbação entre Maringá, Sarandi e Paiçandu (Paraná)

Abstract

The environmental problems related to the urbanization process are widely recognized, and these issues are intrinsically linked to several factors in different means: physical, chemical, biological and social. Therefore, with the use of geoprocessing as an analysis tool to determine the critical sectors in services related to sanitation and environmental quality, it is possible to identify which aspects and places require greater attention. The presented study aimed to identify the urban municipal sectors with the worst environmental vulnerability index, for the urban agglomeration between Maringá, Paiçandu e Sarandi in the North Central of the State of Paraná. To build the geographic database, information from the 2010 Census Survey conducted by IBGE was used, relating to water supply, sanitary sewage, collection of domestic solid waste, literacy and income distribution, and the survey of the type of land cover was carried out using the software QGIS 3.16. Through the algebra of maps and application of the statistical analysis Anselin Local Moran’s I, using the software ArcMap 10.6.1, the Clusters and Outliers for the area were defined. The obtained results indicate disparities and deficiencies in the distribution of services addressed by the variables for the urban agglomeration, within each municipality and among them, such as Sarandi, whose 88% of the urban sectors were classified as a cluster with a low level of adequacy to the variables, and Maringá, whose central region was classified as a cluster with a high level of adequacy to the variables of the conditions addressed, where this concentration of services for the central regions, while the peripheral regions are left aside by the authorities, can compromise the quality and environmental sanitation of the areas affected and consequently the quality of life of the population.