Consórcio intercalar trigo-soja

Abstract

Wheat-soybean crop succession/rotation is the most important arrangements used in the southern of Brazil. Growing wheat is a strategy used to avoid fallow between summer harvests, in addition to adding income to the farmer, due to the optimal crop adaptability to the Southern climate, which also allows crop rotation. With the increasing pressure of Asian soybean rust, growers have preferred to sow soybean cultivar with short cycle at the end of September or beginning of October, which has limited the adoption of wheat, and given preference to the cultivation of corn as a second summer crop. In this context, relay cropping would allow both crops (wheat and soybean) to be grown during the same growing season, in yet allowing the growth of corn. The objective of the work is to evaluate the morphological characteristics and viability of the wheat-soybean relay crop. Experiment was carried out at the Research Unit of Annual Crops, located at the Federal Technological University of Paraná, campus Dois Vizinhos in a random blocks design with a 4x3 factorial arrangement, with 3 replications. The factor A was composed by 4 spacing between with rows which were: 17 centimeters in intermediate lines and double lines and 22 centimeters in intermediate lines and double lines resulting in soybean spacing of 34, 51, 44 and 66 cm respectively. Factor B was composed by 3 seasons of BMX Zeus soybean sowing in the relay system (09/13, 09/23 and 10/3/2019), plus two control treatments (17 and 22 cm single lines). At the end of the crop cycle, the yield components of wheat and soybean were evaluated. From the data obtained it can be concluded that the best arrangement wheat-soybean was 17 cm in double rows which achieved a wheat yield of 2,812 kg ha-1, or even 70% of the yield obtained by the control treatment (wheat at 17 cm between rows). Soybean obtained the best yields in the 51 cm arrangement, with a yield of 6,029.42 kg ha-1, being the best season for the over-seeding of soybean from the second (09/23) season on. The gain in anticipation of sowing and harvesting of soybeans turn it possible to grow a third crop (corn), which may offset this drop in wheat productivity.