Balanço de fósforo no solo com uso de cama de frango de corte e adubação mineral

Abstract

Brazil stands out for its high consumption of fertilizers, the majority of which are imported, therefore, poultry waste is used as an alternative for fertilization, to reduce production costs and minimize environmental impacts. The aim of this work is to carry out an analysis of the use of cote chicken poultry litter for phosphate fertilizer, given that organic fertilizers have a different effect on the soil, when compared to chemical fertilizers, in a long-term experiment. For this, an experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of the Federal Technological University of Paraná - Campus Dois Vizinhos (UTFPR-DV), from 2012 to 2023, where it was divided into 15 plots of 49m² in size, carrying out 5 treatments with 3 replications, using a randomized block experimental design. The crops were corn or soybeans in the summer and oats in the winter. Fertilizer sources applied by broadcast after sowing the crop were used, and soil collections were carried out at depths of 0 to 5, 5 to 10, 10 to 20 and 20 to 40 cm of soil depth. To calculate the P balance, grain yield data from crops in the years 2012 to 2023 were used, soil levels from 2012, 2016, 2018, 2022 and 2023 and P inputs considered all applications of organic residue and mineral between 2012 and 2023. The system accumulated phosphorus (P) in the profile up to 20 cm above the soil. The system achieved greater accumulation of total (P), greater positive balance and crop productivity with an average annual application of 9 t ha-1 year-1. From an annual application of 6 t ha-1 year-1, P accumulation was observed in the soil in the 0 to 20 cm layer. Organic waste from poultry litter has been shown to be rich in P content, as the Southwest region of Paraná is known for intensive poultry production, it can make this source of nutrient available at a low cost, making it viable for the crop fertilization system.