Colheita do trigo sob diferentes alturas de corte e seu efeito na cultura da soja

Abstract

Brazil is currently the largest soybean producer in the world. In the south of the country, wheat (Triticum aestivum) is one of the main winter crops preceding soybeans, due to its good adaptability to the climate, in addition to providing a large volume of dry matter. The cutting height used during wheat harvesting can influence soybean establishment and growth, affecting crop performance. The aim of this study was to evaluate and quantify the effects of cutting height of wheat stems at harvest on soybean performance. The experiment was conducted at the UTFPR Experimental Station, Dois Vizinhos Campus, in the 2022/23 crop season. During the wheat harvest, different cutting heights of 05, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 cm were used, using a traditional harvester 5,4 subways. Then, soybean was sown with the BMX Zeus IPRO® cultivar. During the pre-harvest, five plants were randomly collected per plot to evaluate morphological and productive components. To evaluate productivity and thousand-grain mass, plots of 3 rows x 4m in length were harvested manually. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replicates. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and, if there was significance, regression analysis was performed. Wheat cutting heights at harvest above 10 cm provide a higher insertion height for the first soybean pod, which in more undulating areas and without a flexible cutting platform is important to maximize soybean yield. The morphological components and, especially, the soybean yield components were little influenced by the different wheat cutting Heights at harvest, which conditioned the lack of productive response of the crop to this management practice adopted in the previous crop.