Eficiência de bactérias solubilizadoras de fósforo em diferentes ambientes no desenvolvimento do trigo

Abstract

The search for sustainable production methods that protect the environment has been growing globally due to concerns for future generations and natural resources. The use of biological phosphorus-solubilizing agents is an environmentally friendly and technically feasible alternative to make part of the phosphorus that is unavailable in the soil available to plants. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of diferente commercially available phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria in different soil types and their influence on the aerial part and root system development of wheat. A 4x4 factorial design in split plots was used, with three commercial products containing bacterial strains: Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus megaterium (Concentration: 4.0 × 10^9 CFU per ml), Pseudomonas fluorescens (Concentration: 2.0 × 10^8 CFU/ml), Bacillus velezensis (Concentration: 1.0 × 10^8 CFU/ml), and a control treatment, along with four types of soil: Clay soil with high phosphorus levels; Mixed soil with high phosphorus levels (simulating sandier soils); Mixed soil with low phosphorus levels (simulating sandier soils); Clay soil with low phosphorus levels. The experimental design used was a randomized block with three replications per experimental unit, totaling 48 units. The parameters evaluated were plant height, green biomass volume, dry biomass volume of the aerial part, green biomass volume, and dry biomass of the root system. There was a noticeable gain in the overall productive system, with the bacteria being more efficient compared to the control and showing significant differences between each other in some observed factors. Therefore, we can say that the bacteria are beneficial for the crop in question. The most remarkable results were in soils with higher phosphorus levels. In soils with high phosphorus content, the microorganisms Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus velezensis stood out. It is important to emphasize the better performance of Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus megaterium in clay soils compared to mixed soils, while Bacillus velezensis and Pseudomonas fluorescens were effective in both mixed and clay soils.