O potencial da biomassa fúngica residual no tratamento de efluentes têxteis contendo corante reativo

Abstract

The textile industry is one of the largest consumers of synthetic dyes and water, generating effluents with high environmental impact due to the toxicity and resistance of these compounds to degradation. Conventional treatment methods, such as physicochemical processes, are often costly and inefficient, highlighting the need for more sustainable alternatives. Biosorption using microbial biomass has emerged as a promising solution for removing such pollutants. In this context, this study evaluated the potential of residual biomass from the fungus Pleurotus ostreatus, obtained through submerged fermentation, as a biosorbent for the removal of the reactive dye Preto Intenso 2R from synthetic solution and laboratory effluent. Preliminary tests showed that under favorable conditions (200 mg of biomass, 25 °C, and 30 min), decolorization reached 32.77%. However, lower decolorization percentages were observed in factorial design assays conducted in batch systems with orbital shaking, with maximum values of 12.6% for the dye solution and 19.1% for the effluent. The statistical model developed for effluent treatment was significant (R² = 0.98), indicating that biomass quantity positively influences the efficiency of the process. Despite the modest percentages, the results support the potential application of P. ostreatus biomass as an adsorbent material derived from agroindustrial residues. These findings provide a foundation for future studies exploring additional parameters, such as pH and biomass pretreatments, to enhance biosorption capacity.