Análise de implantação de sistemas fotovoltaicos em pequenas empresas no estado do Paraná

Abstract

Historically, hydroelectric power plants have been the main source of electricity in Brazil, taking advantage of the country's abundant water resources. However, faced with environmental challenges such as the degradation of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and the limitations associated with the exclusive dependence on this source, there arises the need to diversify the energy matrix. In this context, the objective of this work is to conduct a detailed analysis of the feasibility of implementing photovoltaic systems in small businesses located in the state of Paraná. To this end, a literature review was carried out, considering only studies published in the last 5 years (2019-2024), using keywords such as: solar energy; photovoltaic systems and government energy policies. Detailed quantitative surveys were conducted on the size of the companies, their sector of activity, patterns of electricity consumption, and associated cost structures. Public policies related to solar energy in the state of Paraná were subjected to analysis, with particular focus on fiscal incentives, subsidies, financing lines, and specific regulations targeting small businesses. Thus, a meta- analytical analysis was conducted to identify patterns, trends, and relationships among the studied variables. Based on the extensive analysis conducted, it is understood that the approach to photovoltaic energy should encompass simplification of procedures, expansion of incentives, periodic revision of regulations, and promotion of awareness, all of which are essential factors for improving photovoltaic energy legislation in Brazil and Paraná, as well as for expanding its use. Finally, it is concluded that economic advantages, such as rapid return on investment and reduction of CO2 emissions, are fundamental factors in choosing this renewable energy source. However, it is also important to highlight challenges such as high initial costs and lack of public awareness for the expansion of sustainable energy use.