Levantamento florístico preliminar das espécies de trepadeiras no Parque Nacional do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brasil

Abstract

In the State of Paraná there are few studies related to creepers plants, mainly associated with the semi-deciduous forest. The Iguaçu National Park (PARNA) presents the most representative of this massive Forestry Formation. This paper had aimed a preliminary floristic survey of the species of creepers plants, as well their dispersal syndromes and ascent mode, in addition the preparation of maps of the trails that were covered during the study. The collections in PARNA Iguaçu were held every two weeks from May 2015 to November 2015. For the collection of botanical material were covered trails in the city of Foz do Iguaçu, Céu Azul, both more frequently and São Miguel do Iguaçu. They have found 72 species of creepers plants distributed in 30 families. Among the species, eight remain without specific identification and eight were identified in terms of gender. The Families with highest species richness were Bignoniaceae and Sapindaceae, both with nine species; Convolvulaceae, seven species, followed by Asteraceae, with five species; Apocynaceae with four species; Fabaceae, Malvaceae, Rubiaceae and Solanaceae, with three species each. Together, these families accounted for 64.8% of total species, which means more than half of the local wealth, were concentrated in nine botanical families. Was recorded the presence of Schnella microstachya Raddi, species considered rare by the red list of endangered plants in the state of Paraná and also were found exotic species as Malvaviscus arboreus Cav. and Merremia tuberosa (L.) Rendle. Regarding the dispersion syndromes, there is a predominance of anemochory, with 35 species (48.6%), followed by zoochory with 20 species (27.8%) and finally autochory with 17 species (23.6%). There was not predominance in ascending order, as the result was found: 25 species of fickle creepers plants on which stand the families Apocynaceae, Convolvulaceae and Rubiaceae, which represent 56% of this type. Then the prehensile creepers plants have 25 species, and Bignoniaceae and Sapindaceae families are the most representative, together these plants account around 72% of this rise mode. Finally, scandent creepers plants, add 22 species, wherein Loganiaceae, Malvaceae and Solanaceae correspond up to 36.4% of this modality. This study, besides being preliminary, it is assumed that there might be changes in the PARNA Iguaçu dispersion patterns, being necessary to the continuity of the survey in PARNA Iguaçu.